Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
1. Which is the longest National Highway in India?
[A] NH-44
[B] NH-1
[C] NH-2
[D] NH-10
Correct Answer: A [NH-44]
Notes:
NH-44 is the longest highway in India. It starts from Srinagar (J&K) and ends at Kanyakumari (Tamilnadu). Total length of this highway is 3,745km.
2. Which among the following has been identified for maximum potential of Tidal Power in India?
[A] Gulf of Cambay
[B] Gulf of Kutch
[C] Sundarbans
[D] Palk Strait
Correct Answer: A [Gulf of Cambay]
Notes:
As per estimates of the government, India has a potential of around 8500 MW tidal energy of which 7000 MW is in Gulf of Cambay; 1200 MW in the Gulf of Kutch and 100 MW in the Gangetic delta in the Sunderbans region of West Bengal. However, due to high capital costs, the Ocean-based tidal projects of Gujarat and in the Gangetic delta of Sunderbans was cancelled.
3. Tin Bigha Corridor is located on the border of which two countries?
[A] India & Pakistan
[B] India & Nepal
[C] India & Bangladesh
[D] India & Myanmar
Correct Answer: C [India & Bangladesh]
Notes:
The Tin Bigha Corridor is a strip of land belonging to India on the West Bengal–Bangladesh border which, in September 2011, was leased to Bangladesh so the country could access its Dahagram–Angarpota enclave from the mainland. The enclave remains the only one still in existence after the 2015 resolution of the India–Bangladesh enclaves issue.
4. South Talpatti Island” has been a disputed territory between which of the following neighbors?
[A] India Myanmar
[B] India Bangladesh
[C] India Pakistan
[D] India Sri Lanka
Correct Answer: B [India Bangladesh]
5. The Jhamarkotra mines of Rajasthan are best known for which among the following minerals?
[A] Mica
[B] Zinc
[C] Rock Phosphate
[D] Lime Stone
Correct Answer: C [Rock Phosphate]
Notes:
Jhamarkotra rock phosphate mine is located about 26 Km from Udaipur in Rajasthan. This mine is the largest open cast mine in India.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
6. Which among the following rivers is known as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet?
[A] Indus
[B] Yamuna
[C] Ganges
[D] Brahmaputra
Correct Answer: D [Brahamputra]
7. Which of the following is the characteristic feature of Narmada Valley?
[A] Glacial origin
[B] Aeolian origin
[C] Structural origin
[D] Volcanic origin
Correct Answer: C [Structural origin]
Notes:
Narmada valley creates the traditional boundary between North India and South India and has a structural origin.
8. Which among the following matches of city and their earthquake zone are correct?
1. Kolkata- Zone III
2. Guwahati- Zone V
3. Delhi- Zone IV
4. Chennai- Zone II
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1, 2 & 3
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3,4
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Some of the cities and their earthquake zone- Kolkata- Zone III, Chennai- Zone II, Delhi- Zone IV, Guwahati- Zone V.
9. The deep ravined and gullies cut by the Chambal river in the Malwa plateau is known as by which of the following name?
[A] Barkhans
[B] Badland
[C] Maidan
[D] Hamada
Correct Answer: B [Badland]
Notes:
The deep ravined and gullies cut by the Chambal river in the Malwa plateau is known as Badland. It is not suitable for agricultural use.
10. Which of the following statements is/ are correct?
[A] Himalayas are the oldest mountains
[B] The Himalayas have risen from the Tethys Sea when the sea got compressed
[C] One Himalayas were formed due to faulting of the earth’s crust
[D] All of the above
Correct Answer: B [Himalayas have risen from the Tethys Sea when the sea got compressed]
Notes:
Himalayas have risen from the Tethys Sea when the Sea got compressed.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
11. Which one of the following islands is closest to the equator?
[A] Great Nicobar
[B] Car Nicobar
[C] Little Nicobar
[D] Minicoy
Correct Answer: A [Great Nicobar]
Notes:
The Great Nicobar Island is the Indian Island that lies closest to the equator and The Indira Point (6°45’10?N and 93°49’36?E) is the southernmost point that lies closest to the equator.
12. Which among the following islands belong to the Stewart Sound Group?
1. Sound Island
2. Swamp Island
3. Aves Island
4. Karlo Island
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 3
[B] 1, 2 & 3
[C] 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
The name of the islands of the Stewart Sound Group- Sound Island, Swamp Island, Aves Island, Karlo Island, Stewart Island.
13. Which of the following state has the highest mangrove cover in India?
[A] Gujarat
[B] West Bengal
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: B [West Bengal]
Notes:
West Bengal has the highest mangrove cover (42.45%) in India. Gujarat (23.66%) ranked second in total mangrove cover.
14. Arrange the following beaches of the east coast of India from North to South
1. Gahirmatha Beach
2. Yarada Beach
3. Mandarmani beach
4. Marina Beach
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 3, 1, 2, 4
[B] 2, 1, 3, 4
[C] 4, 1, 3, 2
[D] 1, 3, 2, 4
Correct Answer: A [3, 1, 2, 4]
Notes:
The correct order from North to the south- Mandarmani Beach (West Bengal), Gahirmatha Beach (Odisha), Yarada Beach (Andhra Pradesh), Marina Beach (Tamil Nadu).
15. Which of the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
[A] Ganga
[B] Brahmaputra
[C] Kaveri
[D] Narmada
Correct Answer: D [Narmada]
Notes:
Narmada River flows through a rift valley.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
16. Which of the following rivers is not the tributary of Yamuna?
[A] Betwa
[B] Chambal
[C] Gandak
[D] Ken
Correct Answer: C [Gandak]
Notes:
The Gandak River is one of the important rivers of Nepal and it is one of the left-bank tributaries of the Ganges in India. It is also known as Krishna Gandaki in Nepal.
17. The Ajay River passes through which of the following states of India?
1. Bihar
2. Jharkhand
3. West Bengal
4. Chattisgarh
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1, 2 & 3
[C] 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: B [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Ajay River is originated in the Jamui district of Bihar. It passes through the state of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
18. Most of the lakes of the hilly region of Kashmir and Kumaun are which of the following type?
[A] Crater Lakes
[B] Tectonic Lakes
[C] Landslide Lakes
[D] Aeolian Lakes
Correct Answer: B [Tectonic Lakes]
Notes:
The fractures and faults in the earth’s crust are responsible for creating Tectonic type lakes. Most of the lakes of the hilly region of Kashmir and Kumaun are Tectonic lakes. Some of the examples are Tso Moriri, Pangong.
19. Which of the following statements is not correct about laterite soils in India?
1. These soils were first studied by Buchanan
2. These are mainly found in tropical areas with seasonal rainfall
3. These soils are poor in aluminium but rich in nitrogen
4. These are well-developed on the summits of the Sahyadris and the Eastern Ghats
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 3 only
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 3 & 4
Correct Answer: A [3 only]
Notes:
Laterite soil is mainly rich in aluminium and iron. It is found in wet and hot tropical areas. Almost all types of laterite soils are red due to the presence of iron oxides. It is formed by the prolonged and rigorous weathering of the parent rock.
20. Which among the following type of soil is internationally known as Tropical Chernozems?
[A] Alluvial Soil
[B] Red Soil
[C] Black Soil
[D] Desert Soil
Correct Answer: C [Black Soil]
Notes:
Black Soil or Regur is internationally known as Tropical Chernozems. It is the third-largest soil group of India (15% of the total area of India).
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
21. Which of the following is the longest dam in India?
[A] Bhakra Nangal Dam
[B] Hirakud Dam
[C] Jawahar Sagar Dam
[D] Dool Hasti Dam
Correct Answer: B [Hirakud Dam]
Notes:
Hirakud Dam is the longest dam in India. It is located across Mahanadi in the state of Odisha. The length of the dam is about 15 kilometers.
22. Koyna project is located in which among the following states of India?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Kerala
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Karnataka
Correct Answer: A [Maharashtra]
Notes:
Koyna project is situated in the state of Maharashtra across the river Koyna (A tributary of Krishna river). The total installed capacity of the project is 880 MW.
23. Ukai dam is situated across which of the following river?
[A] Narmada
[B] Tapi
[C] Mahanadi
[D] Krishna
Correct Answer: B [Tapi]
Notes:
Ukai dam is situated across the Tapi river. The main purpose of constructing this dam was to harness the Tapi river. It is located in the state of Gujarat.
24. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?
[A] Water
[B] Wind energy
[C] Coal
[D] Solar energy
Correct Answer: C [Coal]
Notes:
Water energy, Wind energy and Solar energy are renewable energy sources.
25. The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons is known as which of the following?
[A] Mixed farming
[B] Crop rotation
[C] Mixed cropping
[D] Cover cropping
Correct Answer: B [Crop rotation]
Notes:
The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons is known as Crop rotation.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
26. Golden rice is a rich source of which of the following types of vitamin?
[A] Vitamin C
[B] Vitamin A
[C] Vitamin B
[D] Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin A]
Notes:
Golden rice is produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene. It is a rich source of Vitamin A.
27. A farmer has been using excess quantities of chemical fertilizers for a long time. The crop yield began to reduce in spite of using chemical fertilizers. Which of the following could be the possible reasons and solutions?
1. The soil has become more acidic
2. The soil has become more alkaline
3. The yield can be improved by adding slaked lime to the soil
4. The yield can be improved by adding some organic matter
5. The yields can be improved by adding common salt
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1 & 3
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 2, 3 & 5
Correct Answer: B [1 & 3]
Notes:
The use of excessive quantities of chemical fertilizers for a long time makes the soil acidic. Lime can be used to increase the pH of the soil.
28. From which of the following sector, the largest quantity of cotton textiles is produced in India?
[A] Handloom
[B] Mill Sector
[C] Powerloom
[D] None of the above
Correct Answer: C [Powerloom]
Notes:
From the Powerloom sector, the largest quantity of cotton textiles is produced in India.
29. Which city of India is known as the “Cottonpolis of India”?
[A] Coimbatore
[B] Sholapur
[C] Mumbai
[D] Madurai
Correct Answer: C [Mumbai]
Notes:
The city of Mumbai is also known as the “Cottonpolis of India” because of its high concentration of cotton mills.
30. National Water Way – 1 connects which of the following places?
[A] Allahabad – Haldia
[B] Kakinada – Puducherry
[C] Kollam – Kottapuram
[D] Sadia – Dhubri
Correct Answer: A [Allahabad – Haldia]
Notes:
National waterway-1 runs from Haldia to Allahabad (1620 km) across the Ganges, Bhagirathi and Hooghly river systems.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
31. The highest agricultural density is found in which of the following states of India?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Punjab
Correct Answer: A [Kerala]
Notes:
The highest agricultural density is found in the state of Kerala and the lowest is found in the state of Rajasthan (295 persons per sq.km.). The average agricultural density of India is 791 per sq. km.
32. What percent of the total population in India is Urban?
[A] 26%
[B] 35%
[C] 49%
[D] 53%
Correct Answer: B [35%]
Notes:
About 35% (483,098,640 people) of the total population in India is Urban. India ranks second in terms of the total population in the world.
33. India is expected to be the world’s most populous country by which of the following year?
[A] 2022
[B] 2024
[C] 2028
[D] 2030
Correct Answer: B [2024]
Notes:
India ranks second in terms of the total population in the world after China. It is expected to be the world’s most populous country by 2024 and home to more than 1.5 billion people by 2030.
34.Which among the following is the smallest minority group in India?
[A] Christians
[B] Sikhs
[C] Buddhists
[D] Parsis
Correct Answer: D [Parsis]
Notes:
Parsis are the smallest minority group in India. The total population of Parsis in India is about 167,000.
35. How many languages are specified in the constitution of India?
[A] 22
[B] 18
[C] 14
[D] 12
Correct Answer: A [22]
Notes:
A total of 22 languages are specified in the constitution of India. A number of 14 languages were initially included in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
36. Kokborok is the official language of which of the following states of India?
[A] Assam
[B] Tripura
[C] Mizoram
[D] Manipur
Correct Answer: B [Tripura]
Notes:
Kokborok is the official language of the state of Tripura. It is the main native language of the Borok people.
37. Which of the following types of rural settlement patterns is found where the productive agricultural field is present with a dense road network?
[A] Rectangular pattern
[B] Linear pattern
[C] Star-like pattern
[D] Circular pattern
Correct Answer: C [Star-like pattern]
Notes:
A star-like pattern is found where a productive agricultural field is present with a dense road network. It is mainly found in the Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Upper Ganga Yamuna Doab region.
38. On which river is the Polavaram irrigation project being built?
[A] Kaveri
[B] Teesta
[C] Godavari
[D] Tungabhadra
Correct Answer: C [Godavari]
Notes:
Polavaram Project is an under-construction multipurpose National project on the Godavari River in the West Godavari District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. The project has been accorded national project status by the Union Government of India and will be the last to be accorded the status.
39. What is the major cause of October Heat?
[A] Low-pressure systems over the Indo–Gangetic plains
[B] Hot and dry weather
[C] Very low-velocity winds
[D] High temperature associated with high humidity
Correct Answer: D [High temperature associated with high humidity
]
Notes:
The months of October-November mark a period of transition from hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. This period is known as Retreating Monsoon or Transition season because the southwest monsoons weaken and withdraw or retreat from India. The retreat of monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. Owing to high temperature and high humidity, weather becomes oppressive. This phenomenon is known as ‘October heat.
40. Around the arrival of monsoon, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as the ______ of the monsoon:
[A] Hit
[B] Peak
[C] Burst
[D] Closure
Correct Answer: C [Burst]
Notes:
The Monsoon, unlike the trades, are not steady winds but are pulsating in nature, affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas. The duration of the monsoon is between 100- 120 days from early June to mid-September. Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon, and can be distinguished from the pre-monsoon showers.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
41. Tummalapalle, where huge reserves of uranium have been found, as announced by the Atomic Energy Commission in July, 2011, lies in the state of _____:
[A] Jharkhand
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Gujarat
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Gujarat]
Notes:
Coal is the most important source of power in India. More than 65% of India’s electricity generation capacity comes from thermal power plants, with about 85% of the country’s thermal power generation being coal-based. India’s electricity sector consumes about 72% of the coal produced in the country.
42. Match the Dams and the States in which they are situated :
| (a) Tungabhadra | [A] Kerala |
| (b) Lower Bhawani | [B] Andhra Pradesh |
| (c) Idukki | [C] Tamil Nadu |
| (d) Nagarjuna Sagar State | [D] Karnataka |
[A] (a)-(B), (b)-(C), (c)-(D), (d)-(A)
[B] (a)-(D), (b)-(C), (c)-(A), (d)-(B)
[C] (a)-(B), (b)-(C), (c)-(D), (d)-(A)
[D] (a)-(B), (b)-(A), (c)-(C), (d)-(D)
Correct Answer: B [(a)-(D), (b)-(C), (c)-(A), (d)-(B)]
Notes:
- The Tungabhadra dam is constructed across the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of the Krishna River. The dam is located near the town of Hospet in Karnataka.
- The Bhavanisagar Dam and Reservoir, also called Lower Bhavani Dam, is located on the Bhavani River between Mettupalayam and Sathyamangalam in Erode District, Tamil Nadu.
- The Idukki Dam, located in Kerala, India, is a 168.91 m tall arch dam. The dam stands between the two mountains – Kuravanmala and Kurathimala.
- Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world’s largest masonry dam at the time of its construction, which is built across Krishna River at Nagarjuna Sagar in Guntur district & Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh.
43. Which of the following at 23°30 N divides India into almost two halves?
[A] Equator
[B] Prime Meridian
[C] Tropic of Capricorn
[D] Tropic of Cancer
Correct Answer: D [Tropic of Cancer]
Notes:
The Tropic of Cancer, which is also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.
44. Mumbai High Oil Fields are located on the ______:
[A] Continental Shelf of the Arabian Sea
[B] Interior part of the Deccan
[C] West coastal plain
[D] Western Ghats
Correct Answer: A [Continental Shelf of the Arabian Sea]
Notes:
The Mumbai High Field, formerly called the Bombay High Field, is an offshore oilfield 176 km off the west coast of Mumbai, located on the Continental Shelf of the Arabian Sea, in Gulf of Cambay region of India, in about 75 m of water. The oil operations are run by India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation. It has more than 60% paraffinic content while light Arabian crude has only 25% paraffin.
45. The Madhesi tribe is related to India and its neighbouring country _____
:
[A] Nepal
[B] Pakistan
[C] Sri lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Correct Answer: A [Nepal]
Notes:
The term Madhesi people is used for people of Indian ancestry residing in the Terai of Nepal. Madhesi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, merchants and indigenous people of the Terai.Many of these groups share cultural traditions and marital ties with people living in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Top 100 Important Questions from Indian Geography
46. In which of the following states is Ashtamudi Lake situated?
[A] Odisha
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Kerala]
Notes:
Ashtamudi Lake is the second largest in the state of Kerala. Situated in the Kollam district, Ashtamudi Lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala. About thirty percent of the historic Kollam town is encompassed by the placid Ashtamudi Lake. Kollam has been Kerala leading cities in the olden times.
47. The largest Union Territory of India is _______:
[A] Lakshadweep
[B] Puducherry
[C] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[D] Chandigarh
Correct Answer: C [Andaman and Nicobar Islands]
Notes:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the largest Union Territory among the given options with an area of 8,249 km2. Chandigarh: 114 km2; Puducherry: 490 km2; and Lakshadweep: 30 km2.
48. As per Census of India, an Urban area with a population from 50,000 to 99,999 is named as _______:
[A] Class I town
[B] Class II town
[C] Class III town
[D] Class IV town
Correct Answer: B [Class II town]
Notes:
The Census of India groups all towns and urban agglomerations into the following six classes according to population size:
• Class I: population of 100,000 and above
• Class II: population of 50,000 to 99,999
• Class III: population of 20,000 to 49,999
• Class IV: population of 10,000 to 19,999
• Class V: population of 5,000 to 9,999
• Class VI: population less than 5,000
49. Kolleru Lake is located in which Indian state?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Kerala
[C] Odisha
[D] Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: A [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes:
Kolleru Lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in India, is located in state of Andhra Pradesh. Kolleru spans into two districts – Krishna and West Godavari. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru streams. It is the largest shallow freshwaterlake in Asia.
50. Central Highlands of Indian peninsular block are formed of _______:
[A] Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
[B] Igneous and sedimentary rocks
[C] Igneous and metamorphic rocks
[D] Sedimentary rocks
Correct Answer: C [Igneous and metamorphic rocks]
Notes:
The Peninsular region is divided into the two parts by westward flowing Narmada river : (a) the Central Highlands and (b) the Deccan Plateau. The Central Highlands make the northern part of the peninsular block. These highlands are made up of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks.